Complex Carbohydrates and Betaxym, A Novel Beta Glucan
We have concentrated our attention on protein signalling for the work of cellular operation. However, there are 1000’s of carbohydrate or polysaccharide molecules that allow for vastly more molecular configurations than proteins. We usually think carbohydrates merely supply glucose as a source of cellular energy and ignore the importance of these long chain saccharide molecules and their involvement in cell signalling.
The production of cellular signals depends upon the protein and carbohydrate molecules to form hormones, enzymes, neurotransmitters, new cells, glands, tissues, organs, regrowth and repair, growth, reproduction, regeneration, healing, cell repair and recovery from disease. Deficits in complex carbohydrates are tied to premature aging. Here is an example. The end of nerve cells (dendrites) is surrounded by immune cells This nexus to the immune system is dependent upon the carbohydrate contained in the cell walls. The greater the availability of these carbohydrate molecules, the better the rate of production. Deficiencies in our nutrients or food supply caused by soil depletion, pesticides, GMO foods, alien hormones, air and water pollution, over processed and preserving food lead to loss of the complex carbohydrates. For instance, natural sources of beta-glucan are baker’s yeast and edible mushrooms (Shiitake, Maitake, Wood cauliflower, and snow mushrooms), celery, carrot and radish.
There are many molecules composed of both protein and complex carbohydrates such as glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, glycosylated neuropeptides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycophingolipids, Some more familiar molecules include glucosamine, heparin, albumin, hyaluronic acid, insulin and collagen.
The Glycocalyx
Membrane Carbohydrates—The Cell “Glycocalyx.”
“Membrane carbohydrates occur almost invariably in combination with proteins or lipids in the form of glycoproteins or glycolipids. In fact, most of the integral proteins are glycoproteins, and about one-tenth of the membrane lipid molecules are glycolipids. The glyco- portions of these molecules almost invariably protrude to the outside of the cell, dangling outward from the cell surface. Many other carbohydrate compounds, called proteoglycans—which are mainly carbohydrates bound to small protein cores—are loosely attached to the outer surface of the cell as well. Thus, the entire outside surface of the cell often has a loose carbohydrate coat called the glycocalyx.” * The glycocalyx provides a fuzzy covering to all the endothelial cells or those cells lining all our blood vessels, constantly interacting with our blood stream.
Pure B-glucan
Pure B-glucan is a novel water-soluble β-glucan produced by Agrobacterium sp. ZX09. Contrast that most beta glucan products are yeast source. Additionally, pure B-glucan guarantees that no bacterial residue remains in the final product.
It is an extracellular polysaccharide with a structure consisting of the following repeating unit: 3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→3)-[β-D-Glcp-(1→3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→3)]3-α-D-Glcp-(1→(figure 1)
Beta glucan is extensively studied. It functions as a modulator in many facets of the immune system. Studies have demonstrated its usefulness in antitumor activity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, colitis obesity and Lyme disease. When used on the skin, beta glucan can speed up wound healing and diminish wrinkles. Supplementing beta glucan helps boost the body’s access to complex carbohydrates.
Vaclav Vetvicka et al: Molecules: “Review Beta Glucan: Supplement or Drug? From Laboratory to Clinical Trials” Published: 30 March 2019
*Proteoglycans, polymannons, glycoproteins, glycolipids, Susan Standring MBE, PhD, DSc, FKC, Hon FAS, Hon FRCS, in Gray’s Anatomy, 2021
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